Aviation fuel: How to manage fuel expenses and rebilling

What is aviation fuel hedging and how does it affect fuel prices?

Aviation fuel hedging is a financial strategy employed by airlines and other aviation-related companies to manage their exposure to fluctuations in the price of aviation fuel. Fuel costs typically make up a third of an airline's operating expenses, and the price of jet fuel can be volatile, influenced by factors such as geopolitical events, supply and demand dynamics, and global oil prices.

Aviation fuel hedging involves entering into financial contracts, known as fuel hedges or derivatives, to lock in future fuel prices. These contracts are typically based on standardised fuel benchmarks, such as Brent crude oil or jet fuel indexes. By hedging fuel prices, airlines aim to protect themselves from unexpected increases in fuel costs and provide a certain level of price stability.

Different fuel hedging options are available, including futures contracts, options contracts, swaps, and collars. Each option offers various levels of flexibility and risk management and includes the following:

Futures contracts: Airlines can enter into futures contracts to buy or sell fuel at a predetermined price on a specified future date. These contracts help airlines secure a fixed price for fuel, regardless of market fluctuations.
Options contracts: Options provide the right but not the obligation to buy or sell fuel at a predetermined price within a specific timeframe. Airlines can purchase call options to secure a maximum fuel price or put options to establish a minimum fuel price.
Swaps: Fuel swaps involve exchanging fixed and floating fuel price payments. Airlines can enter into swaps to mitigate their exposure to fuel price volatility.
Collars: Collars combine options and swaps to establish a price range to manage the fuel prices. This strategy involves buying a call option to establish a price ceiling and selling to set a price floor.

Fuel hedging can help airlines stabilise their operating costs and protect against unexpected increases in fuel expenses. However, it's important to note that fuel hedging involves risk.
If aviation fuel prices decline below the hedged price, the airline may pay more for fuel than the current market rate. Additionally, fuel hedging requires expertise in financial markets and involves costs such as transaction fees and potential margin requirements.

Therefore, airlines carefully assess their risk tolerance and market conditions before implementing fuel hedging strategies.

How subsidies and rebilling impact aviation expense management and fuel costs

The question of fuel subsidies depends on the country and specific circumstances. And while some governments can provide subsidies or tax incentives to support the aviation industry, the extent and nature of their contributions vary widely.

In certain cases, governments may provide direct financial assistance or tax breaks to airlines to help offset the high operating costs associated with fuel. These subsidies aim to promote air transportation, supporting local carriers, or ensuring connectivity to remote regions. Governments subsidise airlines in the form of reduced fuel taxes, grants, or other financial arrangements.

However, many countries don’t offer direct fuel subsidies to airlines, and instead, carriers operate in a competitive market where they are responsible for purchasing fuel at market prices. And in some regions, airlines may face additional costs or regulations to mitigate their environmental impact, such as participating in emissions trading schemes or complying with carbon offset requirements.

In the UK, for example, carrier airlines don’t pay VAT on fuel, whereas fuel used for private pleasure flying does incur duty costs and is often subject to rebilling.

Rebilling in the private aviation industry typically refers to transferring the cost of certain expenses incurred during a flight to the client or customer. When a private aviation service provider operates a flight for a client, there are often additional costs beyond the basic hourly rate or fixed fees. These additional costs include landing fees, fuel surcharges, catering, ground transportation, and other incidentals.

Rebilling occurs when the private aviation service provider passes these additional costs to the client by itemising them as separate charges on the invoice or billing statement. Essentially, the provider pays for these expenses upfront and then includes them as individual line items in the final bill to the client. The purpose of rebilling is to ensure that the provider is reimbursed for the expenses incurred during the flight. It allows for transparency in cost breakdown and ensures that the client understands the specific expenses involved.

Rebilling can be common in the private aviation industry, where the cost of operating a flight can vary depending on factors like flight duration, destination, and specific services requested by the client. It's worth noting that the specific terms and conditions regarding rebilling can vary between private aviation service providers. Each party should outline these in the contractual agreements or terms of service between the provider and the client.

Why does the aviation industry fly into issues when paying for fuel with corporate bank cards?

The aviation industry runs into issues when paying for fuel with traditional corporate bank cards for several reasons.

The first issue is that aviation fuel is a high-value and volatile commodity, with prices that can fluctuate rapidly based on a range of factors, such as global oil prices, geopolitical events, and supply and demand dynamics. These fluctuations make it difficult for aviation companies to predict their fuel expenses accurately and can lead to unexpected costs that may exceed their traditional corporate card limits.

Another issue is that many fuel suppliers and Fixed Based Operators (FBOs) have limits on the amount of fuel that companies can purchase using a corporate card. These limits are in place to reduce the risk of fraud and ensure the supplier pays for the fuel delivered. However, such limits may not be high enough to meet the needs of larger aviation companies, which may require significant amounts of fuel regularly.

In addition, some fuel suppliers may not accept certain types of aviation fuel credit cards or may charge additional fees for their use. This can make it more difficult for aviation companies to manage their expenses and can create additional administrative work for their finance departments.

Finally, aviation companies may run into issues with their traditional corporate cards if they have poor credit or a history of late payments or other financial issues. In these cases, suppliers and FBOs may require additional guarantees or may refuse to provide fuel altogether.

Overall, the aviation industry can face several challenges when paying for fuel with corporate cards, including volatility in fuel prices, limits on corporate card usage, and supplier requirements for payment and creditworthiness.

Private airlines and the issues with rebilling

As mentioned previously, rebilling is common for private airlines. And it involves gathering and itemising all relevant expenses to rebill them back to the client.

Although it sounds fairly simple on paper, private airlines may encounter several challenges when rebilling customers. Here are some of the most common issues:

1. Complex fare structures: Private airlines often have complex fare structures with different fare classes, add-on services, and special conditions. When issuing revised bills or invoices, it can be challenging to accurately reflect changes in fares, upgrades, or additional services that were requested or modified after the initial booking.
2. Ticket changes and refunds: Customers frequently make changes to their flight itineraries, such as rescheduling, cancelling, or requesting refunds. Managing these changes and ensuring accurate billing for the revised itinerary can be complex, particularly if penalties, fare differences, or refund calculations are involved.
3. Ancillary service charges: Private airlines offer various ancillary services like seat selection, baggage fees, in-flight meals, and entertainment options. Rebilling customers for these additional services or incorporating changes to their selections can be challenging, as it requires accurate tracking and integration with the billing system.
4. Loyalty programs and discounts: Private airlines often have loyalty programs, frequent flyer rewards, and special discounts for certain customers. When rebilling, it is crucial to ensure that the appropriate loyalty program benefits or discounts are accurately applied to the revised invoice based on the customer's eligibility and program terms.
5. System and data integration: Private airlines rely on complex computerised systems that manage bookings, passenger data, and financial transactions. Integrating these systems and aligning billing processes can be a technical challenge. Incompatibility or errors in data transfer between systems can result in inaccurate rebilling.
6. Customer service and disputes: Billing issues can lead to customer dissatisfaction and disputes. Private airlines need to have effective customer service processes in place to handle billing inquiries, address concerns, and resolve disputes promptly. Handling these issues efficiently can help maintain customer satisfaction and loyalty.

To address these challenges, private airlines invest in robust reservation and billing systems, implement automated processes, conduct regular audits, and train staff to handle billing-related matters effectively.

By maintaining accurate records, ensuring clear communication with customers, and promptly addressing any billing discrepancies, private airlines can mitigate issues when rebilling to customers.

Here’s where high-limit corporate cards and expense management come in

High-limit corporate Visa cards with integrated expense management software can make managing fuel payments much easier.

Firstly, high-limit cards give companies a lot more flexibility around payments which means they can keep moving without incurring delays and penalties from the bank around lending.

Secondly, unlike fuel cards which aren’t often connected to expense management software, high-limit corporate credit cards from spend management providers like Payhawk offer a completely integrated experience.

That means a big tick in the box for lending and cash flow management. And a big tick for popper expense management which allows the business to get and provide complete spend visibility (including fuel expenses) for rebilling.

The finance team can issue team cards to support project spend and it can even set custom expense fields within the expense management platform. Using these fields means that every time someone spends with a card they can choose from the fields and comprehensively itemise any payments.

Here are some of the biggest benefits of spend management (including high-limit cards) for the aviation industry:

1. Streamlined expense management: Corporate credit cards provide a convenient way to centralise fuel expenses and streamline the overall expense management process. Instead of relying on multiple payment methods or reimbursements, a single credit card can be used for all fuel-related transactions, making tracking and managing expenses easier.
2. Enhanced financial control: By implementing corporate credit cards, aviation companies can exert better control over fuel-related spending. Credit card transactions leave a clear digital trail, enabling improved monitoring and oversight of fuel purchases. This can help identify any unauthorised or fraudulent activities and reduce the risk of misuse. With a solution like Payhawk, the cards also include proactive corporate spend controls, like spend limits, card freezes, approval workflows, and more
3. Improved cash flow: Fuel expenses can be significant for aviation companies, and paying with a credit card allows for better cash flow management. Instead of immediate out-of-pocket expenses, companies have a grace period (typically around 30 days) before the credit card bill is due, providing flexibility and preserving working capital.
4. Rewards and incentives: Many corporate credit cards offer reward programs or incentives, such as cashback, airline miles, or discounts. By using a corporate credit card for fuel purchases, aviation companies can accumulate rewards or cash back which can be beneficial in reducing travel costs or reinvesting.
5. Enhanced security: Credit cards often have [built-in security measures]https://payhawk.com/security() and fraud protection. Aviation companies can benefit from the additional security layers credit card issuers provide, including real-time fraud detection, purchase protection, and liability coverage in case of unauthorised transactions.
6. Simplified reporting and analytics: Corporate credit cards typically offer detailed transaction reports, which can simplify expense reporting and provide valuable insights for financial analysis. These reports can help identify fuel consumption patterns, compare fuel costs across different vendors or airports, and support informed decision-making.
7. Vendor relationships and negotiations: Consolidating fuel purchases through a corporate credit card can help establish stronger relationships with fuel suppliers. Aviation companies that consistently use a single card for fuel transactions may have better leverage to negotiate volume discounts or favourable terms with fuel providers.

Avoid delays in and out of the air

Say goodbye to bank delays and hello to corporate cards with high limits, improved cash flow management, and spend control.

See how an aviation company Luxair went cashless by moving to Payhawk or book a demo to discuss how smart spend management could help your business reach new heights.